After the course the student can explain the dynamics and morphology of the Milky Way and can derive the total (luminous and dark) mass of the Milky Way from its rotation curve. The student will be able to describe the evolutionary processes of different types of stars and galaxies. She/he can perform basic calculations on the dynamics of galaxies and their clusters and can show that they contain dark matter. The student can explain the meaning of the galaxy correlation function and the galaxy power spectrum. The student can present the basic evidence for the standard cosmology and can explain why dark matter and dark energy are required observationally and theoretically. The student can derive theoretical relations between basic quantities of the Friedmann model. She/he can derive intrinsic properties of distant galaxies (e.g., sizes and luminosities) from their observed properties. The student can explain how the cosmic background radiation's power spectrum is related to the parameters of the standard cosmological model.